Minggu, 22 November 2009
Nama : Selpianah
Kelas : 3 EB 14
NPM :21207521
INDUSTRY
An industry is a group of businesses that produces a similar product or provides a similar service. There are thousands of industries which include advertising, construction, farming, meat packing, mining, radio, and television broadcasting. The many kinds of industry provide us with nearly all the products and services we use in daily life. They supply food, housing, medical care, and many other needs.
To produce goods and services, industry reguires natural resources, capital, management, and technology. These basic needs are known as inputs or productive resources. The goods and services produced are called out-puts.
The invention and improvement of machines have made it especially important to plan the entire process of production carefully. Modern machines are efficient, but they are also expensive. A company must decide exactly what is to be made and how the work to be done. Material must be available in a smooth flow as they are needed. The work must be planned through every step, from the raw material to the finished product. In present day industry every step depends on the previous steps, and an interruption at any point can halt the entire production precess.
It is the management who decides what to produce, how much to produce, which market to serve, how much to advertise and what prices to charge. They decide how to raise the capital, wheter by issuing stocks and bonds or by borrowing from banks. They also choose the right combination of capital, labor and raw materials to use in production in order to keep the cost as low as possible.
The desire to keep production costs low also effects a company’s choise of location. The inputs and industry needs and the market it serves are rarely close to each other. Therefore, there is a need for transportation, that carries the inputs to the industry and the products to the markets. Transportation costs are based on weight and bulk as well as distance. The location a company selects may thus depend on whether yhe company’s product is heavier or lighter than the materials used to make it. The soft drinks industry, which add water to other ingredients to make its product, produces weight gaining products. Therefore, soft drinks companies choose locations near their customer. The paper and wood pulp industries are example of industries that produce weight loosing products. Many such industries are near the sources of raw materials.
A firm that produces a number of different goods ans services is said to be diversified. A diversified company may mak helicopter, silverware, stationary, and a variety of other products. Diversification gives a company more financial security than it would have if it produces only one kind of product. Since a diversified company operates in various industries, it usually can offset declines in one industry with advances in another.
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